Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Dropbox on my Linux, Mac & Windows, cool.
Monday, March 29, 2010
How to solve it 里面的第一個問題
Sunday, March 28, 2010
用tar 来备份数据
Friday, March 26, 2010
关于qterm的一个很傻的事实
于是在我utf8的系统上有这么个问题:
按钮工具栏里面,如果我自定义了一个按钮
里面输入了一些中文,post到bbs上会出现乱码。
我发觉可以这么解决:
打开一个console, echo一个需要的字符串到iconv转换为gbk,然后复制到剪贴板。
比如:
echo "灌水机" | iconv -f utf8 -t gbk | dcopcat
其中dcopcat是我写的kde复制到剪贴板的一个管道命令。
然后把剪贴板的内容粘贴到qterm的文本框里,虽然看起来是一片空白,但事实上是可以work的……
非常sb的一个做法。。。
Sunday, March 21, 2010
被雷到了
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Announcement: 关于看不到我上一篇post的图片
Friday, March 19, 2010
加州阳光
怪不得那么多人死皮赖脸地往加州申请。
环境真的很好,在stanford呆了一会,蔚蓝的天空下,在草地上享受着加州阳光与爱人相拥,真是舒服死了。
不多说了,随便上点图。
美国的青年旅馆很赞。
我住的是位于三藩市Fort Mason的那间。感觉很不错!
环境:
环境无敌。fort mason本来就是一个绿化非常高的地方,一眼望过去全是草地,童话般的地方。然后这间HI位于最深处,于是毗邻海滨,一样望出去就是沙滩以及海平线,左边是金门大桥,右边是通往Oakland的Bay bridge。
地址是这里:
住宿:
一天$25美金在一间男女混住的10人间,不过貌似现在才住进了6个人,而且都很安静地早早地睡觉了。我的床位正对窗位,下铺,白天的话外面的人来来往往稍微有点吵。床底下有一个lock位,花了$4在counter买了个锁头,可以把行李箱塞进去。
伙食:
花$4买了一个Salad soup special,汤是很典型的西汤,有两块饼干、两个面包再加一个沙拉。吃得非常饱。餐厅的老头子也很热情地给你建议旅游路线。另外餐厅有免费早餐吃。
卫生:
厕所很干净,有两个一大一小的洗澡房,不过只有一个帘子隔着。大的洗澡房估计是给残疾人用的。美国很尊重残疾人,hostel里面所有设施都有给残疾人用的。刚才很不厚道地去了大的那个洗。
设施:
counter可以问到一切东西。有厨房,厨房里面有两台table football。从厨房里拿了个杯子可以到饮水机接水喝,解决了美国没有水喝的老大难问题,顺便还可以当刷牙的杯子用。有一个reading room,一群人在里面学习——没错,我看到老美竟然在里面做功课。。。太牛b了出来玩还做功课。还有人在下象棋。里面有五台PC,还有一台打印机,非常贴心地给你打印旅游攻略等。哦里面还有一个书柜不过我没看里面有什么。我现在一个人躺在一个沙发上敲字,对面的哥们在看旅游手册。周围的人都在用mac,我没带来显得很不合群,更不好意思用显得穷酸的linux了。顶上的音箱放着soul/funk。
活动:
没想到青年旅馆这么牛B,每天都organize不同的活动。今晚的活动有两个,一个是到downtown不知干嘛,忘了;一个是看电影where the wild things are。在counter里面有一个list。
暂时explore到的有这么多,有什么新发现接着写。
Thursday, March 11, 2010
用automator完成osx itunes import 中文mp3的简单处理
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
被比赛
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
花二十分钟明白什么是民主
Sent to you by Iveney via Google Reader:
来源:IWMS
民主是什么呢?很多人一定会说,这个问题很简单嘛,民主就是代表大多数人的意愿,比如有 5 个人去旅游, 4 个人想游泳, 1 个人想打球, 那么民主的决策一定是去游泳,如果最后的决策是去打球,那就变成专制了。
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Friday, March 5, 2010
最近整理的一些M-theory 相关的东西
此外,据说The elegant universe是本写得不错的科普书,中文名是《宇宙的心弦》
不过发觉图书馆的竟然被reserve了 -.-
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
KDE 3.5.9 自动挂载的问题
刚才插上一个移动硬盘,就顺道解决了这个问题,主要参考了这里:
[1]Archlinux 关于 HAL 部分的文档。
[2]这篇文章。
关于[1]是解决挂载时出现权限不足的问题的。
似乎是HAL跟PolicyKit这两个东东打架。按照[1]里面的做了即可。
关于[2],我主要是知道了几个事实,与里面所说的FAT32的shortname(8.3)问题无关。
(1)KDE的自动挂载工具读取的文件是:~/.kde/share/config/mediamanagerrc
这个文件记录了挂载的设备的一些挂载选项
(2)对于要挂载的设备,在System Menu->Storage Media里面(konqueror里面输入media:/)
右键选择那个设备的属性,并查看挂载一栏可以设置挂载的位置,以及是否自动挂载等。
现在我的KDE可以正常地挂载,并且光盘弹出能自动卸载了!
其实完全不用自己设定挂载的地方,KDE会自动帮你载/media建立一个临时目录,目录名跟设备的label一致,
卸载后自动删除。
类似地,ntfs的解决方案载[1]里也有记载。
Monday, March 1, 2010
20 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know
Sent to you by Iveney via Google Reader:
原文:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
by VIVEK GITE
Need to monitor Linux server performance? Try these built-in command and a few add-on tools. Most Linux distributions are equipped with tons of monitoring. These tools provide metrics which can be used to get information about system activities. You can use these tools to find the possible causes of a performance problem. The commands discussed below are some of the most basic commands when it comes to system analysis and debugging server issues such as:
- Finding out bottlenecks.
- Disk (storage) bottlenecks.
- CPU and memory bottlenecks.
- Network bottlenecks.
#1: top - Process Activity Command
The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system i.e. actual process activity. By default, it displays the most CPU-intensive tasks running on the server and updates the list every five seconds.
Commonly Used Hot Keys
The top command provides several useful hot keys:
Hot Key | Usage |
---|---|
t | Displays summary information off and on. |
m | Displays memory information off and on. |
A | Sorts the display by top consumers of various system resources. Useful for quick identification of performance-hungry tasks on a system. |
f | Enters an interactive configuration screen for top. Helpful for setting up top for a specific task. |
o | Enables you to interactively select the ordering within top. |
r | Issues renice command. |
k | Issues kill command. |
z | Turn on or off color/mono |
=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?
#2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information
The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.
# vmstat 3
Sample Outputs:
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 2540988 522188 5130400 0 0 2 32 4 2 4 1 96 0 0 1 0 0 2540988 522188 5130400 0 0 0 720 1199 665 1 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 2540956 522188 5130400 0 0 0 0 1151 1569 4 1 95 0 0 0 0 0 2540956 522188 5130500 0 0 0 6 1117 439 1 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 2540940 522188 5130512 0 0 0 536 1189 932 1 0 98 0 0 0 0 0 2538444 522188 5130588 0 0 0 0 1187 1417 4 1 96 0 0 0 0 0 2490060 522188 5130640 0 0 0 18 1253 1123 5 1 94 0 0
Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo
# vmstat -m
Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages
# vmstat -a
=> Related: How do I find out Linux Resource utilization to detect system bottlenecks?
#3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing
w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.
# w username
# w vivek
Sample Outputs:
17:58:47 up 5 days, 20:28, 2 users, load average: 0.36, 0.26, 0.24 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root pts/0 10.1.3.145 14:55 5.00s 0.04s 0.02s vim /etc/resolv.conf root pts/1 10.1.3.145 17:43 0.00s 0.03s 0.00s w
#4: uptime - Tell How Long The System Has Been Running
The uptime command can be used to see how long the server has been running. The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
# uptime
Output:
18:02:41 up 41 days, 23:42, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
1 can be considered as optimal load value. The load can change from system to system. For a single CPU system 1 - 3 and SMP systems 6-10 load value might be acceptable.
#5: ps - Displays The Processes
ps command will report a snapshot of the current processes. To select all processes use the -A or -e option:
# ps -A
Sample Outputs:
PID TTY TIME CMD 1 ? 00:00:02 init 2 ? 00:00:02 migration/0 3 ? 00:00:01 ksoftirqd/0 4 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0 5 ? 00:00:00 migration/1 6 ? 00:00:15 ksoftirqd/1 .... ..... 4881 ? 00:53:28 java 4885 tty1 00:00:00 mingetty 4886 tty2 00:00:00 mingetty 4887 tty3 00:00:00 mingetty 4888 tty4 00:00:00 mingetty 4891 tty5 00:00:00 mingetty 4892 tty6 00:00:00 mingetty 4893 ttyS1 00:00:00 agetty 12853 ? 00:00:00 cifsoplockd 12854 ? 00:00:00 cifsdnotifyd 14231 ? 00:10:34 lighttpd 14232 ? 00:00:00 php-cgi 54981 pts/0 00:00:00 vim 55465 ? 00:00:00 php-cgi 55546 ? 00:00:00 bind9-snmp-stat 55704 pts/1 00:00:00 ps
ps is just like top but provides more information.
Show Long Format Output
# ps -Al
To turn on extra full mode (it will show command line arguments passed to process):
# ps -AlF
To See Threads ( LWP and NLWP)
# ps -AlFH
To See Threads After Processes
# ps -AlLm
Print All Process On The Server
# ps ax
# ps axu
Print A Process Tree
# ps -ejH
# ps axjf
# pstree
Print Security Information
# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
# ps axZ
# ps -eM
See Every Process Running As User Vivek
# ps -U vivek -u vivek u
Set Output In a User-Defined Format
# ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
# ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
# ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
Display Only The Process IDs of Lighttpd
# ps -C lighttpd -o pid=
OR
# pgrep lighttpd
OR
# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi
Display The Name of PID 55977
# ps -p 55977 -o comm=
Find Out The Top 10 Memory Consuming Process
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10
Find Out top 10 CPU Consuming Process
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10
#6: free - Memory Usage
The command free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel.
# free
Sample Output:
total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 12302896 9739664 2563232 0 523124 5154740 -/+ buffers/cache: 4061800 8241096 Swap: 1052248 0 1052248
=> Related: :
- Linux Find Out Virtual Memory PAGESIZE
- Linux Limit CPU Usage Per Process
- How much RAM does my Ubuntu / Fedora Linux desktop PC have?
#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity
The command iostat report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network filesystems (NFS).
# iostat
Sample Outputs:
Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 3.50 0.09 0.51 0.03 0.00 95.86 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 22.04 31.88 512.03 16193351 260102868 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 2166 180 sda2 22.04 31.87 512.03 16189010 260102688 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0
=> Related: : Linux Track NFS Directory / Disk I/O Stats
#8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity
The sar command is used to collect, report, and save system activity information. To see network counter, enter:
# sar -n DEV | more
To display the network counters from the 24th:
# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 | more
You can also display real time usage using sar:
# sar 4 5
Sample Outputs:
Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 06:45:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 06:45:16 PM all 2.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 97.78 06:45:20 PM all 2.07 0.00 0.38 0.03 0.00 97.52 06:45:24 PM all 0.94 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 98.78 06:45:28 PM all 1.56 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 98.22 06:45:32 PM all 3.53 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.00 96.19 Average: all 2.02 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 97.70
=> Related: : How to collect Linux system utilization data into a file
#9: mpstat - Multiprocessor Usage
The mpstat command displays activities for each available processor, processor 0 being the first one. mpstat -P ALL to display average CPU utilization per processor:
# mpstat -P ALL
Sample Output:
Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 06:48:11 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s 06:48:11 PM all 3.50 0.09 0.34 0.03 0.01 0.17 0.00 95.86 1218.04 06:48:11 PM 0 3.44 0.08 0.31 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.00 96.04 1000.31 06:48:11 PM 1 3.10 0.08 0.32 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.00 96.28 34.93 06:48:11 PM 2 4.16 0.11 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.11 0.00 95.25 0.00 06:48:11 PM 3 3.77 0.11 0.38 0.03 0.01 0.24 0.00 95.46 44.80 06:48:11 PM 4 2.96 0.07 0.29 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.00 96.52 25.91 06:48:11 PM 5 3.26 0.08 0.28 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.00 96.23 14.98 06:48:11 PM 6 4.00 0.10 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.00 95.42 3.75 06:48:11 PM 7 3.30 0.11 0.39 0.03 0.01 0.46 0.00 95.69 76.89
=> Related: : Linux display each multiple SMP CPU processors utilization individually.
#10: pmap - Process Memory Usage
The command pmap report memory map of a process. Use this command to find out causes of memory bottlenecks.
# pmap -d PID
To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter:
# pmap -d 47394
Sample Outputs:
47394: /usr/bin/php-cgi Address Kbytes Mode Offset Device Mapping 0000000000400000 2584 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 php-cgi 0000000000886000 140 rw--- 0000000000286000 008:00002 php-cgi 00000000008a9000 52 rw--- 00000000008a9000 000:00000 [ anon ] 0000000000aa8000 76 rw--- 00000000002a8000 008:00002 php-cgi 000000000f678000 1980 rw--- 000000000f678000 000:00000 [ anon ] 000000314a600000 112 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314a81b000 4 r---- 000000000001b000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314a81c000 4 rw--- 000000000001c000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314aa00000 1328 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so 000000314ab4c000 2048 ----- 000000000014c000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so ..... ...... .. 00002af8d48fd000 4 rw--- 0000000000006000 008:00002 xsl.so 00002af8d490c000 40 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4916000 2044 ----- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b15000 4 r---- 0000000000009000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b16000 4 rw--- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b17000 768000 rw-s- 0000000000000000 000:00009 zero (deleted) 00007fffc95fe000 84 rw--- 00007ffffffea000 000:00000 [ stack ] ffffffffff600000 8192 ----- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ] mapped: 933712K writeable/private: 4304K shared: 768000K
The last line is very important:
- mapped: 933712K total amount of memory mapped to files
- writeable/private: 4304K the amount of private address space
- shared: 768000K the amount of address space this process is sharing with others
=> Related: : Linux find the memory used by a program / process using pmap command
#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics
The command netstat displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. ss command is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. See the following resources about ss and netstat commands:
- ss: Display Linux TCP / UDP Network and Socket Information
- Get Detailed Information About Particular IP address Connections Using netstat Command
#13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics
The iptraf command is interactive colorful IP LAN monitor. It is an ncurses-based IP LAN monitor that generates various network statistics including TCP info, UDP counts, ICMP and OSPF information, Ethernet load info, node stats, IP checksum errors, and others. It can provide the following info in easy to read format:
- Network traffic statistics by TCP connection
- IP traffic statistics by network interface
- Network traffic statistics by protocol
- Network traffic statistics by TCP/UDP port and by packet size
- Network traffic statistics by Layer2 address
#14: tcpdump - Detailed Network Traffic Analysis
The tcpdump is simple command that dump traffic on a network. However, you need good understanding of TCP/IP protocol to utilize this tool. For.e.g to display traffic info about DNS, enter:
# tcpdump -i eth1 'udp port 53'
To display all IPv4 HTTP packets to and from port 80, i.e. print only packets that contain data, not, for example, SYN and FIN packets and ACK-only packets, enter:
# tcpdump 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'
To display all FTP session to 202.54.1.5, enter:
# tcpdump -i eth1 'dst 202.54.1.5 and (port 21 or 20'
To display all HTTP session to 192.168.1.5:
# tcpdump -ni eth0 'dst 192.168.1.5 and tcp and port http'
Use wireshark to view detailed information about files, enter:
# tcpdump -n -i eth1 -s 0 -w output.txt src or dst port 80
#15: strace - System Calls
Trace system calls and signals. This is useful for debugging webserver and other server problems. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.
#16: /Proc file system - Various Kernel Statistics
/proc file system provides detailed information about various hardware devices and other Linux kernel information. See Linux kernel /proc documentations for further details. Common /proc examples:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
# cat /proc/meminfo
# cat /proc/zoneinfo
# cat /proc/mounts
17#: Nagios - Server And Network Monitoring
Nagios is a popular open source computer system and network monitoring application software. You can easily monitor all your hosts, network equipment and services. It can send alert when things go wrong and again when they get better. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN goals are to provide a Nagios installation including most tools provided by the Nagios Community. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.
18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool
Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices. It can provide data about network, CPU, memory, logged in users, Apache, DNS servers and much more. See how to install and configure Cacti network graphing tool under CentOS / RHEL.
#19: KDE System Guard - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
KSysguard is a network enabled task and system monitor application for KDE desktop. This tool can be run over ssh session. It provides lots of features such as a client/server architecture that enables monitoring of local and remote hosts. The graphical front end uses so-called sensors to retrieve the information it displays. A sensor can return simple values or more complex information like tables. For each type of information, one or more displays are provided. Displays are organized in worksheets that can be saved and loaded independently from each other. So, KSysguard is not only a simple task manager but also a very powerful tool to control large server farms.
See the KSysguard handbook for detailed usage.
#20: Gnome System Monitor - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
The System Monitor application enables you to display basic system information and monitor system processes, usage of system resources, and file systems. You can also use System Monitor to modify the behavior of your system. Although not as powerful as the KDE System Guard, it provides the basic information which may be useful for new users:
- Displays various basic information about the computer's hardware and software.
- Linux Kernel version
- GNOME version
- Hardware
- Installed memory
- Processors and speeds
- System Status
- Currently available disk space
- Processes
- Memory and swap space
- Network usage
- File Systems
- Lists all mounted filesystems along with basic information about each.
Bounce: Additional Tools
A few more tools:
- nmap - scan your server for open ports.
- lsof - list open files, network connections and much more.
- ntop web based tool - ntop is the best tool to see network usage in a way similar to what top command does for processes i.e. it is network traffic monitoring software. You can see network status, protocol wise distribution of traffic for UDP, TCP, DNS, HTTP and other protocols.
- Conky - Another good monitoring tool for the X Window System. It is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage, temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail inboxes etc.
- GKrellM - It can be used to monitor the status of CPUs, main memory, hard disks, network interfaces, local and remote mailboxes, and many other things.
- vnstat - vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor. It keeps a log of hourly, daily and monthly network traffic for the selected interface(s).
- htop - htop is an enhanced version of top, the interactive process viewer, which can display the list of processes in a tree form.
- mtr - mtr combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic tool.
Did I miss something? Please add your favorite system motoring tool in the comments.
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